How we compile and check the figures

Source order

We start with the body that collects the money or licenses the operators: a state gaming regulator's monthly revenue report, iGaming Ontario's market performance releases, the UK Gambling Commission's industry statistics, HMRC for duty rates, or a national regulator in Europe. Statutes and official budget documents are used for tax rates. When a primary release cannot be reached or is not published in a usable form, we use a trade publication that reports it and mark the figure as secondary.

Industry bodies, such as the American Gaming Association or the European Gaming and Betting Association, appear where they publish totals no regulator produces. Their figures are labelled with the organisation's name so readers know what kind of source it is.

What we record for each figure

For every number we keep the source, the exact period (a calendar month, a calendar year or a fiscal year such as April to March), the measure the source uses and the date we checked it. Tables carry a caption with the period and check date, and each page lists its sources at the end.

We copy figures as published and round only for display, with the rounding stated. Percentages and year-on-year changes are calculated from the published figures and labelled as our calculation.

Why figures often do not compare

A revenue figure from New Jersey and one from Pennsylvania may both be called online casino revenue but be measured differently: some states report gross gaming revenue before promotional credits, others after allowable deductions. Fiscal years differ too. Ontario reports April to March, US states usually report calendar months, and the UK Gambling Commission publishes by financial year. Our guide to handle, GGR, GGY and NGR and our guide to reading revenue reports explain the differences, and every table names its measure.

Updates and corrections

Pages show the date they were published and, when changed, the date of the latest update. Regulators revise figures, and when they do we update the table and note the change. Mistakes we make are corrected and listed in the corrections log on our editorial standards page.

Who runs the publication is set out on our about page, and the conditions for quoting our tables are in our terms of use.

Limits

We do not have access to private operator data and do not model black-market activity. Tribal gaming in several US states is not reported publicly and is therefore missing from state totals. Where a market's numbers rely on estimates, such as channelisation rates, we name who made the estimate and how.